{"id":5497,"date":"2019-04-02T09:47:42","date_gmt":"2019-04-02T07:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/vitalites\/dysphagia-can-also-be-sarcopenic\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T15:19:16","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T14:19:16","slug":"dysphagia-can-also-be-sarcopenic","status":"publish","type":"vitalites","link":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/vitalites\/dysphagia-can-also-be-sarcopenic\/","title":{"rendered":"Dysphagia can also be sarcopenic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japanese academics believe that the muscles used in\u00a0<\/em>swallowing<\/a><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0are necessarily affected by\u00a0<\/em>undernutrition<\/a><\/em><\/strong>. This could lead to sarcopenic dysphagia<\/em><\/p>\n

Prevalence of\u00a0dysphagia<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0due to\u00a0sarcopenia<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0is widespread, yet neglected. Four learned societies in Japan have examined the issue that was first pinpointed in 2005 and became known as \u201csarcopenic dysphagia\u201d in 2012. Their findings were recently published in Geriatrics & Gerontology International<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dysphagia stemming from sarcopenia<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Over 68 scientific articles published up to March 2018 link dysphagia and sarcopenia<\/strong>. Several studies point to the muscles used for swallowing being weakened by undernutrition. Many clinical studies report dysphagia in sarcopenic patients.<\/p>\n

Sarcopenic dysphagia is defined as dysphagia following sarcopenia of the entire body, including the muscles used for swallowing<\/strong>. The term \u201csarcopenic dysphagia\u201d does not apply where there is no muscle wasting. Similarly, sarcopenia or dysphagia due to neuromuscular disease are not covered by the definition. However, sarcopenia arising from inactivity and ageing, undernutrition or illness (cachexia, cancer, cardiovascular surgery, Alzheimer\u2019s disease etc.) is considered a cause of sarcopenic dysphagia.<\/p>\n

Five criteria for diagnosis<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The leanred societies have drawn up five criteria for diagnosis:<\/p>\n

1\/ Detection of dysphagia<\/p>\n

2\/ Detection of\u00a0generalised sarcopenia<\/strong>\u00a0defined\u00a0by: strength of grip (Men<26kg \/ Women<18kg), walking speed <0.8m\/sec, muscle mass [DEXA Me,<7.0km\/m\u00b2 \/ Women<5.4 kg\/m\u00b2 or bioelectrical impedance analysis Men<7.0 kg\/m\u00b2 \/ Women<5.7 kg\/m\u00b2] and calf muscle circumference Men<30 cm\/ Women<29 cm),<\/p>\n

3\/ Wasting<\/strong>\u00a0of muscles used for swallowing (imagery),<\/p>\n

4\/ Other causes of dysphagia are excluded,<\/p>\n

5\/ The main cause considered is sarcopenia (even if others such as a stroke, neuromuscular illness and cancer are also detected)<\/p>\n

Diagnosis is definite<\/strong>\u00a0if criteria 1, 2, 3 and 4\u00a0are detected;<\/p>\n

Diagnosis is probable<\/strong>\u00a0if criteria 1, 2 and 4\u00a0are detected;<\/p>\n

Diagnosis is possible<\/strong>\u00a0if criteria 1, 2 and 5\u00a0are detected;<\/p>\n

In older hospitalised patients, lingual pressure (<20,0 kPa) and the strength with which the mouth is held closed are useful indicators of sarcopenic dysphagia.<\/p>\n

Treatment and physiotherapy<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Treatment of sarcopenic dysphagia requires\u00a0physiotherapy<\/strong> involving resistance exercises<\/strong>\u00a0for muscles<\/strong>\u00a0used in swallowing as well as nutritional intervention<\/strong>(around 35 kcal\/kg of body weight per day). On admission to hospital, steps to prevent sarcopenic dysphagia must be taken from the outset. The approach is the same as treatment. For patients admitted with aspiration pneumonia, physiotherapy should commence within a few days to reduce the risk of mortality<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations. Fujishima I, Fujiu-Kurachi M, Arai H, Hyodo M, Kagaya H, Maeda K, Mori T, Nishioka S, Oshima F, Ogawa S, Ueda K, Umezaki T, Wakabayashi H, Yamawaki M, Yoshimura Y. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019 Feb;19(2):91-97.\u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ggi.13591<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japanese academics believe that the muscles used in\u00a0swallowing\u00a0are necessarily affected by\u00a0undernutrition. This could lead to sarcopenic dysphagia Prevalence of\u00a0dysphagia\u00a0due to\u00a0sarcopenia\u00a0is widespread, yet neglected. Four learned societies in Japan have examined the issue that was first pinpointed in 2005 and became known as \u201csarcopenic dysphagia\u201d in 2012. Their findings were recently published in Geriatrics & Gerontology […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":5498,"template":"","thematique_blog":[25],"tags_blog":[93,85,88],"class_list":["post-5497","vitalites","type-vitalites","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","thematique_blog-nutrition-sante","tags_blog-malnutrition","tags_blog-ageing-well","tags_blog-dysphagia"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vitalites\/5497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vitalites"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/vitalites"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"thematique_blog","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/thematique_blog?post=5497"},{"taxonomy":"tags_blog","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutrisens.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags_blog?post=5497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}